Siberian mouse adult siberian mouse girls
The polyclonal JH455 was used in a dilution of 1:5000, and CERN956 was diluted 1:500. COS-1 is a monoclonal hybridoma supernatant, diluted 1:50, OS-2 is a mouse ascites fluid, diluted 1:5000.
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10 We took advantage of the different sources of antibodies, and used combinations of either OS-2 and CERN956 or COS-1 and JH455 for double labeling. Two pairs of antibodies were used in this study: two mouse monoclonal antibodies, COS-1 and OS-2, which are specific for M/L and S pigment, respectively, 29 and two rabbit polyclonal antisera, JH455, which recognizes S cones, 9 and CERN956, which is specific for M/L cones. Part of this study was published in abstract form. The biological role of this arrangement remains open, we can only speculate about whether the studied species represent a characteristic evolutionary position among other mammals. We found that in both the Siberian hamster and the pouched mouse, all cones express both the M and S cone opsin without any significant dorsoventral gradient. The colocalization of opsins was further examined in adjacent semithin sections which excludes cross reactivities with different antibodies. In both species, cone distribution and opsin content were studied in retinal wholemounts using double labeling with S- and M-opsin–specific antibodies and peanut agglutinin lectin (PNA). In addition, when screening further rodent species for a similar cone pattern, we found the pouched mouse ( Saccostomus campestris) in which densities of immunocytochemically distinguishable cones were fairly equal across the entire retina (Lukáts and Cooper, unpublished data, 2001). To address this question we performed a detailed immunocytochemical analysis in the Siberian hamster using M- and S-cone–specific antibodies.
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The question thus arises whether in the Siberian hamster there are two equivalent but distinct populations of S and M cones or a single-cone population expressing both M and S cone opsins. 27 The identical density and topography of M and S cones in the Siberian hamster can be compared with the transition zones of the mouse, guinea pig, and rabbit, in which cones reacting with M- and S-specific–antibodies occur in comparable frequencies, because of the coexpression of both opsins in the same cells. ERG studies in the Siberian hamster confirmed the presence of two visual pigments with peaks in the region of 370 and 500 nm, whereas behavioral discrimination using chromatic adaptation failed to show independence of the two systems. Further, in rodents exhibiting an asymmetrical cone distribution, there is a dorsoventral gradient in the expression of the two cone opsins, so that the densities of cone types and/or the levels of opsin expression differ significantly at any given retinal location. This is a surprising finding, because in most mammalian species studied to date, M cones outnumber S cones by a factor of approximately 10. 27 In this species, the densities of the cones expressing the M and the S cone opsin, respectively, were reported to be present in a 1:1 ratio over the entire retina. This finding makes these two species good models for the study of molecular control mechanisms in opsin coexpression in rodents, and renders them suitable as sources of dual cones for future investigations on the role and neural connections of this cone type.Īmong rodents, the Siberian hamster presents an interesting novel pattern of cone distribution. The retina of the Siberian hamster and the pouched mouse is the first example to show a uniform coexpression of M and S cone opsins in all cones, without any topographical gradient in opsin expression. No dorsoventral gradient in the differential expression of the two opsins is observed.Ĭonclusions. The immunocytochemical results demonstrate that in both the Siberian hamster and the pouched mouse all retinal cones contain two visual pigments. Opsin colocalization was also confirmed in consecutive semithin tangential sections.
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Topographical distribution was determined from retinal wholemounts, and the colocalization of visual pigments was examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Double-label immunocytochemistry using antibodies directed against short-wavelength (S)–and middle- to long-wavelength (M/L)–sensitive opsin were used to determine the presence of visual pigments in cones of two species of rodents, the Siberian hamster ( Phodopus sungorus) and the pouched mouse ( Saccostomus campestris) from South Africa. To decide whether the identical topography of short- and middle-wavelength cone photoreceptors in two species of rodents reflects the presence of both opsins in all cone cells.